People of the British Isles - Genetic Maps

People of the British Isles

Genetic Maps

on exhibit this week

A genetic map of the British people has been produced by Oxford University researchers.

It forms the centerpiece of their display at the Royal Society's free Summer Science Exhibition, which opens July 3, 2012. The Event runs all week - Monday to Sunday inclusive, and is an annual Event. There are 19 exhibits.

 The remarkable thing about the map is how much people sharing similar gene variations cluster geographically.

The groupings often appear to match the separate historical pasts of different areas of Britain, following ancient enmities or reflecting differences that we hold onto today about where in the country we come from.

On the genetic map of Britain, Cornish people clustered separately from those from Devon, while the Scottish and Irish tended to share the same DNA markers. Those in South Wales formed a group, while there were separate clusters in the Welsh borders and in Anglesey in North Wales. People in Orkney were different from everyone else.

In England, the majority of the South, South-East and Midlands formed one large group. Cumbria, Northumberland and the Scottish Borders seemed to share a common past. And Lancashire and Yorkshire, despite their rivalry, seemed to be as one genetically.

'We first set out to map genetic variation across the UK,' says Professor Peter Donnelly, director of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and one of the scientists involved in the project. 'Our results show striking patterns of genetic clustering within different geographical regions of the UK. By comparing the different UK clusters with potential source populations from Europe we are able to learn more about the history of the people of the British Isles.'

The 'People of the British Isles' project began in 2004 with funding from the Wellcome Trust.
Oxford University researchers traveled across the British Isles collecting blood samples from more than 4,000 people whose four grandparents all came from the same area.

UK samples (The People of the British Isles), are aimed at providing a resource to the research community,
as well as providing a fine-scale genetic information on the British population.

So far, some 4000 samples have been collected, the majority of which fit the criteria of coming from a rural area and having all four grandparents from approximately the same area. Analysis of the first 3865 samples (that have been coded according to geography) indicates that 75% have a mean distance between grandparent places of birth of 37.3 km, and that about 70% of grandparent places of birth can be classed as rural.

Full article:

Medical Xpress article, July 3, 2012:

"Genetic Map of Britain goes on Display"

    http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-07-genetic-britain.html
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Royal Society "Science Live 2012" article:

http://sse.royalsociety.org/2012/exhibits/genetic-maps/

Links to high definition Tiff or PDF file from the Royal Society:

British Isles Genetic Maps (PDF)
British Isles Genetic Maps (tiff)
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People of the British Isles web site:

http://www.peopleofthebritishisles.org/

papers on the web site:

First paper
Commentary on the paper
Newsletter

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You Tube video:

                        People of the British Isles:  
                         The Landscape of Islay:

People of the British Isles - Sir Walter Bodmer

      


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European Journal of Human Genetics (scientific article from Aug 10, 2011)

  http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v20/n2/full/ejhg2011127a.html

by Bruce Winney, et. al.
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Article by Debbie Kennett on the Cruwys Blog:

   http://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/people-of-british-isles-project.html
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Surname Origins - HAM DNA Group 1

HAM DNA Group 1

Surname Origins

One of the reasons for participating in the Y-DNA Project is to discover the origins of your surname. When the paper trail ends, DNA can be a useful tool in researching your ancestors. If you are looking for your homeland and the family history behind it, then is very important to learn as much as you can about using Y-DNA STR markers.

It was when Thomas Hamm messaged me today about the location of Brent Knoll in Somerset that I realized that I had not been clear enough about the origins of HAM DNA Group #1 origins. After years of waiting, we finally got a DNA participant (Tony Ham), who was a recent enough immigrant to remember where his ancestors immigrated from. Tony's ancestors were from Brent Knoll, Somerset in the UK. Tony is a close match to the participants in HAM DNA Group #1.

It is known that the M253 (I1) Y-DNA haplotype is of likely viking descent, and in this case, most likely of Norman descent. Vikings in this area of England most likely arrived during the Norman Conquest of 1066. So, it is not surprising when I read that the local St. Michael's Church has a Norman doorway and that the present nave was built in AD 1290.  

  

Thomas found a very nice web site for general information about Brent Knoll.

For more information about Brent Knoll, see the Brent Knoll Village web site:  

  

 

http://www.brentknollvillage.info/

  

Be sure to click on the tabs for "Brent Knoll History," "Places of Worship," and the "Photo Gallery."

http://www.brentknollvillage.info/st_michaels.htm

 St. Michaels Church at Brent Knoll

  

Brent Knoll is just a few kilometers from the Bristol Channel. There is a tiny town called "Ham" just west of Brent Knoll. The "Ham" surname is a place name, meaning the surname was taken from a small village or hamlet by the name of "Ham." The word ham means a homestead. In old English, before the use of surnames, a person would be identified as being from the town, as in "John de Ham," or later, "John d'Ham," until eventually his descendants would be known as simply "John Ham."

  

http://www.streetmap.co.uk

In order to get a general idea of just where the town of Ham is located, the best map I have found is from Streetmap in the UK. Zooming in, this company has the small collection of homes clearly marked as called "Ham." For comparison, Google maps does not have the hamlet referenced by any name.

  

http://www.streetmap.co.uk

However, given some time and a high speed connection, Google Maps does permit you to simulate a drive around the town. use Googlemaps to zoom in and tour the village, enter these coordinates for the little town of Ham: 

    http://maps.google.com/      

     51.259605,-2.97496

(Zoom in to "street level" and click on the road to follow the trip.)

Another detailed map from the Somerset Archives (although in black & white) shows the area in several images, one of which is located here:

     http://www1.somerset.gov.uk/archives/Maps/OS61htm/2512.htm  

  

Between 1875 and 1883 the village name was changed from South Brent to Brent Knoll to avoid passenger confusion with the village of South Brent in Devon.

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Irish Genetic Ancestors

Irish Genetic Ancestors

 

  Irish Times article by by Dick Ahlstrom

Today, DNA can deliver proof of your genetic ancestry and genetic markers can help provide details about your ancient history. Following in the footsteps of Moffat and Wilson in "The Scots a Genetic Journey," “Ireland’s DNA” has been launched, a genetic ancestry service. 

Dr Gianpiero Cavalleri, one of three founders of the company says "we can understand about Irish history from the resulting dataset."

Ireland before the arrival of the Normans was dynastic, with powerful local warlords controlling territories. Their high positions in society also provided the opportunity to deliver many offspring, explains Dr Gianpiero Cavalleri, a geneticist at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. It means that many of the genes passed forward into later generations had their origins in a powerful dynastic leader.

The important families are well known here, for example, the Uí Néills in Ulster begun by fifth-century warlord Niall of the Nine Hostages. Family names associated with him include O’Neill, O’Conner, O’Donnell, McLoughlin, O’Rourke and others. These surnames are associated with one particular type of Y chromosome, the male-only part of the genome.

The Eoganachta were another important dynasty in fifth-century Munster led by Conall Corc, descended from founder Eoghan-Mor. This family, with surnames such as O’Donoghue, Hayes, O’Keeffe and O’Sullivan, have a different Y chromosome type.

The Eoganachta were displaced in the 10th century by the Dalcassians, originally descended many centuries earlier from Cormac Cas, Cavalleri says. Family names here include O’Brien, Kennedy, McGrath and O’Casey, to name a few.

Then there were the kings of Laighin (Leinster) led by Dermot McMurrough who invited the Normans into Ireland. Names here include Kearney, Kinsella and McMurrough.

  http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/sciencetoday/2012/0503/1224315503586.html

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